Mechanisms and consequencesMultidrug resistance proteins (MRPs) are efflux transporters and as such are responsible for the movement of a wide ...

Guest case studyGuest case study - hypercalcaemia is based on a question from a concerned clinician.Oral calcium intake - no ...

Mechanisms and consequencesOATs(Organic Anion Transporters) are primarily influx transporters albeit some are bidirectional. They can transport a wide variety of ...

Mechanisms and consequencesOATPs (Organic Anion Transporting Proteins) are influx transporters ie transport substrates from blood into organs and cells. OATPs ...

Mechanisms and consequencesPermeability-glycoprotein is known as P-glycoprotein or P-gp or multidrug resistance protein (MDR1/2); it has a large and versatile ...

Mechanisms and consequencesThe Sodium Vitamin C Transporters (SVCTs) regulate vitamin C homeostasis (system stability) such that excessive intakes result in ...

Mechanisms and consequencesMATE1/2 (Multi drug and toxin exclusion transporters MATE1 and MATE2) are major efflux transporters involved in the hepatic ...

Mechanisms and consequencesBCRP (Breast Cancer Resistance Protein) seems to be an initial defence against environmental insults such as phototoxic skin ...

Mechanisms and consequencesThe thiamine transporters Thiamine Transporter 1 (THTR1) and Thiamine Transporter 2 (THTR2) transfer thiamine and pyridoxine, and are ...

Mechanisms and consequencesSMVT (Sodium Multivitamin Transporter) facilitates the uptake of biotin, pantothenic acid, lipoic acid, and iodine from the gut ...

Mechanisms and consequencesOCTs regulate the transfer of many essential organic cations across biological membranes and therefore have an essential role ...

Mechanisms and consequencesMembrane transporters enable substances to cross impermeable cell membranes. Whilst they primarily transfer endogenous substances such as nutrients, ...

Mechanisms and consequencesMetformin’s role in healthcare management is expanding and is now being considered as a treatment for some cancers, ...

Mechanisms and consequencesCoagulation (blood clotting) is a process that prevents excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. Usually, a ...

Mechanisms and consequencesDOACs (direct oral anticoagulants) are becoming the preferred option for coagulation management because they do not require the ...

Mechanisms and consequencesMedications, medicines, drugs are used interchangeably to describe chemical substances that are administered to confer therapeutic benefit; they ...

Mechanisms and consequencesAcid-base imbalance is now being associated with a range of Western health disorders including insulin resistance, diabetes, thyroid ...

Mechanisms and consequencesSteady state concentration is the period during which the therapeutic levels remain constant. It is achieved when a ...

Mechanisms and consequencesI now understand why duration of therapeutic effect of the non-insulin diabetes drugs is not an integral part ...

Mechanisms and consequencesInsulin resistance is defined as a lack of cellular response to insulin – likely due to closed, damaged ...